Exploring Factors for Developing a Health Education Program for Prevention of Adolescent Pregnancy : Based on Qualitative Data form a Secondary School in Honduras

2020년 8월

서울대학교 대학원

협동과정 글로벌교육협력 전공

김솔(Sol KIM)

Honduras has the second-highest rate of adolescent pregnancy (28%) in

Latin America (WHO, UNFPA, UN, 2019) which has a lasting impact on not

only physical and mental health risks on adolescent, but also on individual

and family issues such as school dropouts, poverty, and stigma beyond

community problems such as economic recession and gender discrimination

(Hodgkinson, Colantuoni, Roberts, Berg-Cross, & Belcher, 2010; Morris &

Rushwan, 2015; WHO, 2014). The aims of this thesis are three-fold. This first

aim is to explore the social determinants of health for adolescent pregnancy

by analyzing the qualitative data. Based on that, the second is to identify

plausible educational efforts to decreases adolescent pregnancy as well as

promote adolescent sexual and reproductive health. Specifically, the third is

to identify what improvements and complements or new aspects to existing

education programs should be introduced for developing an effective health

education program for the prevention of adolescent pregnancy. It also

highlights the necessity of the development of social services and intervention

policy for the prevention of adolescent pregnancy.

Based on the Analytical Dualism in Archer's Morphogenetic Approach, the

theoretical framework was formed. In other words, the theoretical

background is that social change is driven by social action caused by the

reflexivity between social conditions and the agency given on the issue of

adolescent pregnancy. This thesis adopts a qualitative methodology. The data

utilized in this study is collected from the interviews, Focus Group interviews

(FGI), and field documents (Textbooks). The thesis collected from 14

participants: two principals, four teachers, three parents, three students, and

two community women who have experienced adolescent pregnancy.

The main results are as follows: The social determinants of health of

adolescent pregnancy which pre-exist in Honduras; 1) unstable economic

situation, 2) social norm; reluctance toward sex, Machismo 3) broken family,

4) Insufficient support from government and 5) the lack of SRHR education.

Unfortunately, the rate of adolescent pregnancy continues to increase.

However, despite the poor social conditions, social changes to prevent

adolescent pregnancy have been discovered in an agency who has their own

learning experience and personal concerns; 1) critical opinions toward

Honduras to improve social change 2) care for others (service) 3) continuous

efforts for social action, 4) constructive attitude toward their life and

Honduras and 5) clear sexual values (sex ethics). Furthermore, the

educational contents that need be included in sexual and reproductive and

health rights education based on the context of Honduras are 1) The

consequence of adolescent pregnancy 2) the meaning of relationships, love,

and family-based on the value of sex (sex ethics), and 3) counseling approach.

In addition, policy support is essential to expand the reform of sexual and

reproductive health rights education based on the concerns of these agencies

to include non-formal and informal education. In addition, the community

participation and policy support are essential to expanding the reformed

SRHR education based on the personal concern of agency who has positive

impacts on and the contents required in the context of Honduras to informal

education and non-formal education.

This study focuses on the role of sexual and reproductive and health rights

education, which can be demonstrated as an indicator of education, health,

and gender equality among sustainable development goals. It also contributes

to suggest the implementation of improved health education considering local,

social culture and political context in Honduras to solve the adolescent

pregnancy